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法国红酒文化英语ppt

发布时间:2021-02-11 08:51:17

① 急求介绍红酒的ppt(英语)

红酒的好处:
红酒中含有人体维持生命活动所需的三大营养素:维他命、糖及蛋白质。内葡萄糖是人类维持生命、容强身健体不可缺少的营养成分,是人体能量的主要来源。葡萄酒中还有24种氨基酸,是人体不可缺少的营养物质。葡萄酒中的有机酸成分也不少,如葡萄酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸,大都来自葡萄原汁,能够有效地调解神经中枢、舒筋活血,对脑力和体力劳动者来说,都是不可缺少的营养物质。干红葡萄酒中还含有Ve、Vb、VB2等多种维生素和钙、镁、铁、钾、钠等多种矿物质,其中矿物质与多种微量元素集合起来,远胜于最优质的矿泉水。<P> 红酒中的多酸含量相当多,因此它对于预防心血管疾病有极好的作用,有助于防动脉硬化和早老性痴呆症等疾病,还具有减少骨质疏松症的危险和“驻颜”等重要功效。
增进食欲
滋补作用
助消化作用
减肥作用
杀菌作用
利尿作用
理想的品酒时间是在饭前

② 法国文化习俗英文版

法国习俗

法兰西共和国(The Republic of France),简称法兰西或法国(France)。它位于欧洲西部,面积55.16万平方公里,是个半海半陆的国家。人口5540万,90%是法兰西人。9o%的居民信奉天主教。法语为官方言。首都巴黎(Paris),是世界著名的花都,铃兰、郁金香、水仙花、七叶树、百合花以及三色紫罗兰等极具法国气息的小巧而可爱的花,在公园,在街头,以及商店、公司办公桌上,随处可见。
法国属于“人口增殖率最低的国家”,1977年法国年自然增殖率只有0.39%,属于世界上人口增殖率极低的国家。为了克服人口衰退,法国采取了一些措施鼓励生育,但收效甚微。货币为法郎French Franc(FF)。

现政府为总统制。总统直接民选,任期7年,由内阁会议襄理行政。1964年1月27日与我国建交。从50年代中期到1973年,法国的经济以较高的速度持续增长,迅速实现了工农业现代化,为世界第5经济大国。法国为当代世界八大贸易国之一,素有“奶酪之国”,“葡萄之国”之美称。法国是发达的资本主义工业、农业国,按国民生产总值计,仅次于美国、苏联、日本、德国,居世界第5位,工业产值占工农业总产值的85%以上,工业产品在整个出口中占80%以上,工业是法国经济的主导部门。法国的工业为新旧两大部门,旧的传统工业以分散的中小企业占优势,主要有纺织、食品、服装、化妆品等消费性企业,如里昂的丝绸、巴黎的时装和香水、香槟和葡萄酒等,远销国外,在世界享有盛名。法国大部分人为早睡早起型,工作强度也很高,而工作态度也极为认真。日本著名经济学家笠信太朗曾经评论法国人为“边跑边想的人种”。法国人很珍惜人际关系,据说,商业上也一样,在尚未交成朋友以前,是不会跟你做大宗生意的。

在法国从事商务活动宜穿保守式西装,访问公私单位,绝对要预约。在法国,礼节上要求你把自己的身份列在名片上,客人在拜访并参加晚宴的前夕,总是喜欢送花给主人。

法国商人保守而正式,尤其是在较小城市如里昂(Lyon)或Bordoaux,你得表现得格外正式,处处勿忘握手,多握几次更好,别问对方家事。法国人对“商业机密”也很敏感。法国烹饪誉满全球,法国人非常讲究吃,就餐是法国人的一大快事,一般喜欢晚宴,不喜欢午餐会谈。到了招待的时候,主人的用心是无微不至的。比如,晚餐的时候,应该招待夫妇两人,这是常识。若应邀到对方家里进晚餐,应先叫花店送些花去。进餐时法国人对味道很敏感,所以,每当有客人夸奖菜肴很好吃的时候,就会很高兴。因而,当客人把所夸奖的莱肴吃完的时候,一定会再端一盘新的上来。有这么一种说法,即法国人“夸奖着厨师的技艺吃”,英国人“注意着礼节吃”,德国人“考虑着营养吃”,而意大利人则“痛痛快快地吃”。的确,这句话把法国人的性格表露得淋漓尽致。法国有句谚语:“酒已取出就得喝”。

商谈时作出决定的速度较慢。在法国,要注意商务礼俗,法国人忌讳”13”,他们不住13号房间,不在13日这天外出旅行,不坐13号座位,更不准13个人共进晚餐。法国人喜爱花,生活中离不开花,特别是探亲访友,应约赴会时,总要带上一束美丽的鲜花,人们在拜访或参加晚宴的前夕,总是送鲜花给主人。赏菊是我国人的一种雅兴,但法国人却不同,切记不要送菊花,因为法国(或其他法语区),菊花代表哀伤,只有在葬礼上才送菊花。其他黄色的花,象征夫妻间的不忠贞,千万别送。另外也忌摆菊花、牡丹花及纸花,在法国,康乃馨被视为不祥的花朵,你如果糊里糊涂地买一大把康乃馨,送给法国人,碰到脾气大的,不挨揍才怪呢,法国是个盛产花卉的国家,法国人民将鸢尾科的鸢尾花作为自己民族的国花(欧洲人把鸢尾花叫作“百合花”)。法国人喜欢玫瑰,栽培有7000多种,玫瑰花表示爱情。

在法国,男人向女士赠送香水,有过份亲热和“不轨企图之嫌”。也别送刀、剑、刀叉、餐具之类,若送了,意味着双方会割断关系。送花通常要逢单数,但别逢不吉利的“13”。法国本土出产的奢侈品,如香槟酒、白兰地、香水、糖栗等等,也是好礼品。在法国,一些有艺术性和美感的礼品如唱片、画或一些书籍,如传记、历史、评论及名人回忆录等会很受欢迎。法国人除非关系比较融洽,一般不互相送礼。

法国对奶酪的消费量居世界第一位。法国前总统戴高乐说过“一年365天,我们法国就有365种奶酪”。法国奶酪至少有400多种,是闻名世界的奶酪之国。如果到法国人家中作客,主人不仅拿出各种各样的葡萄酒来招待客人,而且还会端出各种各样的奶酪让客人品尝。法国人的衣着一般都十分讲宪,尤其是巴黎人以服饰的优美和华丽精致而享誉世界。法国妇女是世界上最爱打扮的妇女,其服饰时髦,所用的化妆品也特别多,光是口红就种类繁多,早、午、晚用的都不一样,因而法国的高级服饰、化妆品和奢侈品也驰名于世。法国人素来爱钦酒,他们爱喝葡萄酒、苹果酒、白兰地、威士忌、杜松酒等。除非餐桌上有烟灰缸,否则别抽烟。法国人不仅在用餐时,而且在平时也有喜爱喝咖啡的习惯。他们通常爱用大杯喝有香味的浓咖徘。因而,尤其在巴黎觉敞的林荫大道边,热闹的露天咖啡座比比皆是。

法国人在贸易谈判中被认为有如下一些特点:1.立场极为坚定;2.坚持在谈判中使用法语;3.明显地偏爱横向式谈判。这也就是说,他们喜欢先为协议勾划出一个轮廓,然后再达成原则协议,最后确定协议上的各个方面。他们都具有戴高乐式的依靠坚定的“不”字以谋取利益的高超本领。商务活动应该严守时间,学几句法语会话,才能行动自如。法国人爽朗、热情,比较幽默、诙谐,喜欢交谈,特别爱好音乐、舞蹈。他们即使明天要奔赴战场,今天还要参加跳舞晚会,大家欢乐一番。商务活动在圣诞节及复活节前后两周不宜往访。7月15日至9月15日为当地人度假期。饮水安全。法律规定:不可饮的水均标明:“Eau Non Portable”。

入关可携香烟400支或雪前100支,或烟草500克,酒2瓶,限携法郎5000以下出境。人境外汇不限,先申报,可携出。法国禁邮寄避孕药物和用品。

英文我不精通,所以提供的材料仅供你参考

③ 用英语介绍一下法国葡萄酒.谢!!!

葡萄酒,是用葡萄果实或葡萄汁,经过发酵酿制而成的酒精饮料。在水果中,由于葡萄的葡萄糖含量较高,贮存一段时间就会发出酒味,因此常常以葡萄酿酒。葡萄酒是目前世界上产量最大、普及最广的单糖酿造酒。早在六千年以前,在盛产葡萄的地中海区域,两河流域的苏美尔人和尼罗河流域的古埃及人就会酿造葡萄酒。有趣的是,在舞蹈文化中,有一种葡萄酒舞是在酿酒用葡萄丰收时,庆祝的团体舞蹈。葡萄酒在基督教被视为耶稣基督宝血的象征物。

葡萄酒有许多分类方式。以成品颜色来说,可分为红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉红葡萄酒三类。其中红葡萄酒又可细分为干红葡萄酒、半干红葡萄酒、半甜红葡萄酒和甜红葡萄酒。白葡萄酒则细分为干白葡萄酒、半干白葡萄酒、半甜白葡萄酒和甜白葡萄酒。以酿造方式来说,可以分为蒸馏葡萄酒(Still wine)、气泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四类。其中一般葡萄酒的酒精含量约为百分之八到十五,然而加烈葡萄酒的酒精含量可能会更高。

葡萄酒的酒性完全受到土壤、气候以及酿酒技巧等因素的影响,但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒技巧等因素的影响,但是酒的风味却完全取决于酿酒葡萄的品种的不同。葡萄酒的原料-葡萄原产于黑海与里海之间的外高加索地区,直到西汉时经张骞通西域才传到中国。目前葡萄已经被广泛引种到世界各地,主要是作为酿酒原料。但世界最好及最有名的葡萄酒大多产至法国,法国葡萄酒的酿造历史可追朔到罗马帝国时期。由于法国气候温和,除了北部诺曼底一些区域以外,全国都能生产高质量的葡萄。在1996年时,全国共有超过818000公顷的葡萄园,13个产酒区域,葡萄酒产量超过46亿公升。法国可以说是盛产葡萄酒的国家之一。

Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine proction is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.

There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.

Wine and liquor completely soil, climate and wine skills, among other factors, but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact, but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties different. Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, between the Caucasus region, until the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China before. At present grape has been widely introced to the rest of the world, mainly as a wine raw materials. But the world's best and most famous wine procing mostly to France, French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman period. As France mild climate, in addition to some of the northern Normandy region, the country can proce high quality grapes. In 1996, more than 818,000 hectares of the total of vineyards, 13 proction wine regions, wine proction over 4.6 billion litres. France can be said to be one of the countries with rich wine.

④ 怎样用英语介绍法国的文化

Culture, whether in France, Europe or in general, consists of beliefs and values learned through the socialization process as well as material artifacts.[1][2] Culture guides the social interactions between members of society and influences the personal beliefs and values that shape a person's perception of their environment: "Culture is the learned set of beliefs, values, norms and material goods shared by group members. Culture consists of everything we learn in groups ring the life course-from infancy to old age."[3]

The conception of "French" culture however poses certain difficulties and presupposes a series of assumptions about what precisely the expression "French" means. Where as American culture posits the notion of the "melting-pot" and cultural diversity, the expression "French culture" tends to refer implicitly to a specific geographical entity (as, say, "metropolitan France", generally excluding its overseas departments) or to a specific historico-sociological group defined by ethnicity, language, religion and geography. The realities of "Frenchness" however, are extremely complicated. Even before the late nineteenth century, "metropolitan France" was largely a patchwork of local customs and regional differences that the unifying aims of the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution had only begun to work against, and today's France remains a nation of numerous indigenous and foreign languages, of multiple ethnicities and religions, and of regional diversity that includes French citizens in Corsica, Guadeloupe, Martinique and elsewhere around the globe.

The creation of some sort of typical or shared French culture or "cultural identity", despite this vast heterogeneity, is the result of powerful internal forces — such as the French ecational system, mandatory military service, state linguistic and cultural policies — and by profound historic events — such as the Franco-Prussian war and the two World Wars — which have forged a sense of national identity over the last 200 years. However, despite these unifying forces, France today still remains marked by social class and by important regional differences in culture (cuisine, dialect/accent, local traditions) that many fear will be unable to withstand contemporary social forces (depopulation of the countryside, immigration, centralization, market forces and the world economy).

In recent years, to fight the loss of regional diversity, many in France have promoted forms of multiculturalism and encouraged cultural enclaves (communautarisme), including reforms on the preservation of regional languages and the decentralization of certain government functions, but French multiculturalism has had a harder time of accepting, or of integrating into the collective identity, the large non-Christian and immigrant communities and groups that have come to France since the 1960s.

The last fifty years has also seen French cultural identity "threatened" by global market forces and by American "cultural hegemony". Since its dealings with the 1993 GATT free trade negotiations, France has fought for what it calls the exception culturelle, meaning the right to subsidize or treat favorably domestic cultural proction and to limit or control foreign cultural procts (as seen in public funding for French cinema or the lower VAT accorded to books). The notion of an explicit exception française however has angered many of France's critics[4].

The French are often perceived as taking a great pride in national identity and the positive achievements of France (the expression "chauvinism" is of French origin) and cultural issues are more integrated in the body of the politics than elsewhere (see "The Role of the State", below). The French Revolution claimed universalism for the democratic principles of the Republic. Charles de Gaulle actively promoted a notion of French "grandeur" ("greatness"). Perceived declines in cultural status are a matter of national concern and have generated national debates, both from the left (as seen in the anti-globalism of José Bové) and from the right and far right (as in the discourses of the National Front).

⑤ 法国葡萄酒文化(英文版)

Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine proction is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.

There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.

Wine and liquor completely soil, climate and wine skills, among other factors, but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact, but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties different. Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, between the Caucasus region, until the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China before. At present grape has been widely introced to the rest of the world, mainly as a wine raw materials. But the world's best and most famous wine procing mostly to France, French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman period. As France mild climate, in addition to some of the northern Normandy region, the country can proce high quality grapes. In 1996, more than 818,000 hectares of the total of vineyards, 13 proction wine regions, wine proction over 4.6 billion litres. France can be said to be one of the countries with rich wine.

⑥ 法国红酒文化

串葡萄是美丽,静止与纯洁的,但它只是水果而已;一但压榨后,它就变成了一种动物,因为它变成酒以后,就有了动物的生命。”

--威廉·杨格

迷人的色彩,神秘的情思,柔和醇香的红酒饱含了鲜活的生命原汁,蕴藏了深厚的历史内涵。

曾几何时红酒在国内造成一股新的饮酒文化,在市场上到处可见红酒的踪迹,而一般人对红酒的了解、认知并不多,而往往饮用红酒是采取『乎干啦』的方式,而这种方式让有心学习品尝人士乱了选择。
在饮用红酒之前不妨先了解有气质的红酒文化与红酒历史,潜移默化之间就了解红酒的高贵之处。

其实世界各地都有种植葡萄,所以世界各国也都有葡萄酒的生产。年平均气温为摄氏10-20度的温和气候地区最适合栽种葡萄,而雨量丰、湿气重的地方则有碍葡萄树的生长,因此土壤排水良好也是栽种的条件之一。在众多的红酒中独钟『法国红酒』的原因是,法国不但是全世界酿造最多种葡萄酒的国家,也生产了无数闻名于世的高级葡萄酒。

『勃根地第地区』:本区约有一千八百处酒园,本区由南至北依序可再划分六个产区:

莎布里(Chablis)、夜坡(Cote de Nuits)、邦内坡(Cote de Beaune)、莎隆内坡(Cote de Chalonnaise)、马孔内(Maconnais)、薄酒莱(Beaujolais)-----勃根地六区中最精华的一区乃夜坡与邦邦内坡所构成的『黄金坡』(Cote d’Or),前者以红酒著称,后者则以白酒为尊。该地区的沃恩·罗曼尼(Vosne-Romanee)酒村中的『罗曼尼·康帝』酒园(Domaine de La Romanee Conti,DRC)所酿产的『罗曼尼·康帝』(La Romanee Conti)位居红酒首席。

『波尔多地区』:仅仅以法国波尔多地区一地而言,酒园(堡)已超过九千多座的。该地区的五大产酒区有:梅铎(Medoc)、柏美洛(Pomerol)、圣特美隆(St.Emilion)、格拉芙(Graves)、苏岱(Sauternes)。

梅铎(Medoc)可以说是最重要的一区,仅生产红酒。梅铎(Medoc)又可细分为四个小酒区,由北至南依序为圣特夫塔夫(St-Estephe)、波仪亚克(Pauillac)、圣朱利安(St. Julien)与玛哥(Margaux)。其中波仪亚克区(Pauillac)内的三大名酒Chateau Mouton Rothschild(木桐·罗吉德堡)、Chateau Lafite - Rothschild(拉费堡)、Chateau Latour (拉图堡),犹如三颗钻石使得波仪亚克(Pauillac)简直变成波尔多地区的代表了。

柏美洛(Pomerol)该区产地约只占波尔多的百分之三左右,真是『物以稀为贵』。如果说『红酒巨钻』是罗曼尼·康帝,至于抢占第二宝座荣耀的应当属于法国波尔多的柏美洛(Pomerol)地区的代表作『彼德绿堡』(Chateau Petrus)。

圣特美隆(St.Emilion)这也是一个名园辈出的产区,在上个世纪中叶以前,本地区的酒品质普遍不佳,甚至有『车夫之酒』的讥讽!名列A等的只有两家:欧颂堡(Chateau Ausone)与白马堡(Chateau Cheval-Blanc)。

格拉芙(Graves):该地区的Chateau Haut Brion (欧·布利昂堡)与Chateau Latour (拉图堡)、Chateau Lafite-Rothschild(拉费堡)、Chateau Margaux(玛哥堡)、,Chateau Mouton Rothschild(木桐·罗吉德堡)、Chateau Haut Brion (欧·布利昂堡)共享波尔多官方评鉴的一等顶级酒,也是波尔多地区的五大酒庄。

『隆河坡地区(Cotes Rhone)或称隆河地区』:与勃根地第、波尔多号称法国三大产酒区。整个隆河地区最珍贵的红酒,当推罗帝坡区的杜克酒(La Turque)。

『醒酒』

由于红酒被喻为有生命力的液体,是由于红酒当中含有丹宁酸(Tannic Acid)的成分,丹宁酸跟空气接触之后所产生的变化是非常丰富的。而要分辨一瓶酒的变化最好的方式是开瓶后第一次倒2杯,而先饮用一杯,另一杯则放置至最后才饮用,就能很清楚的感觉出来。每一瓶酒的变化时间并不一样,也许在10分钟、也许半个小时、也许在两个小时后。如何去发觉酒的生命力就靠自己的感觉跟经验了。

『过酒(Decenting)』

过酒的方式,是将葡萄酒倒入醒酒瓶(Decenter)的动作称为过酒,但过酒的目的到底何在?

其实有二,一是藉此将陈置多年的沉淀物去除。虽然喝下这些沉淀物并无任何大碍,但有损葡萄酒的风味,所以必须去除。

另一则是使年份较少的葡萄酒将其原始的风味,从沉睡中苏醒过来。因为葡萄酒会因过酒的动作而有机会与空气接触,此时沉睡中的葡萄酒将立刻芳香四溢,味道也变的圆润了。

『酒标』

如何选择一瓶好喝的红酒,第一要件是口感要顺,什么样的味道才较顺口,看个人喜好,品尝红酒是一门高深学问,学会品酒需要长时间的研究及一层层的磨炼,不过学会认酒则是一件比较简单的事。

如何认酒呢?先学看酒瓶上的标签吧。葡萄酒的卷标又称为『etiquette』(法文,意为许可证),如同人们的履历表一样。正如在懂得葡萄酒的人们之间,流传着『只要看了卷标,就知道它的味道了』一般,卷标上确实透露着关于葡萄酒味道(特色)的讯息。『卷标上的图案有很多种,到底事在写些什么?真想知道…..』一般卷标上通常会标示:葡萄收成的年份、葡萄酒的酒名(以产地或酒园名(Chateau)命名) 、生产国或生产地、庄园地名的名称、生产者(造酒者)名、容量、酒精浓度…等。卷标依设计者的设计,有各种不同的样式,所以数据所书写的位置也不同。

收成年→该年的天候会影响葡萄收成的品质,产区→一瓶葡萄酒的好坏节定于产地的地质状况,A.O.C→指定优良产区A.O.C.法定名称,城堡内装酒→Mis En Boteille Au Chateau,酿酒师签名→对酒品质有更一层的保证

『法国葡萄酒依据葡萄酒法及其品质而分成以下几种』

A.O.C. Wine是指定优良产区酒为名之葡萄酒的通称,这种酒对于原产地(地区、村、葡萄园等)有很详细的限定,日本进口的葡萄酒大多为此种酒。其标示方式如APPELLATION ROMANEE CONTI CONTROLEE,于APPELLATION与CONTROLEE之间的ROMANEE CONTI则是酒园名称。

Vin De Pays(地区餐酒)是仅限定葡萄产地的葡萄酒,其限制较A.O.C.所规定的少,价格也比较合理,找找看,也许能够找到品质相当不错的酒喔!

Vin De Table(日常餐酒)则是不受规定约束的酒,任何产区的葡萄都可以拿来混合酿造。藉由混合酿造来就低成本是这种酒的特征,美味与否全凭生产者的巧手,无等级之分。

『红酒的酿造法』

A. 除梗:所谓除梗,是指为了避免葡萄酒中有多余的苦涩味道,而将梗从果实上除去。
B. 破碎:将果皮搓破轻轻压碎,称之为破碎。
C. 发酵:在破碎的葡萄(连同果皮及种子)中加入酵母菌。因红酒的颜色来自果皮,而涩味则是种子所释放出来的味道。
D. 榨汁:以榨汁机榨出发酵后的葡萄酒。
E. 发酵:将榨出的葡萄酒与果皮、种子分开,接着仅使葡萄酒在发酵。本阶段是决定葡萄酒味道的关键,完全发酵熟成者即为不甜口口味的葡萄酒。
F. 除渣:发酵完之后,溶解残存的物质会自动沉淀,可顺利地被除去,此一过程称之为除渣。
G. 熟成:接着装入酒桶使之能够充分熟成,熟成期间约为两年(但亦有熟成未满两年者)。
H. 装瓶:熟成后即可装瓶。

『如何保存酒』

保存葡萄酒最忌讳的是温度的强烈变化,如果你在店家购买的时候是处于常温之下,则在家里只要保存于常温之下即可。你若想饮用冰镇过的葡萄酒于饮用前冰冻即可。如果你将葡萄酒储存于冰箱中,只适合存放于温度变化较小的蔬菜室内。最理想与长期的储存环境是温度约在摄氏12~14度间保持恒温,湿度在65%~80%间,保持黑暗,一般酒都放置于地下室。保持干净,以免其它异味渗入酒内。

『品酒步骤』

1. 观其色泽--将酒道在高脚杯中,握着杯脚,看其色泽。
2. 闻其香味--轻摇酒杯让香气释放出来,闻其散发的香味。
3. 品尝--啜饮一小口,让酒在舌尖溶动,感觉其味道及酸甜度。

波尔多的红酒

在众多的红酒中独钟法国红酒原因是∶法国不但是全世界酿造最多种葡萄酒的国家,也是生产了无数闻名于世的高级葡萄酒的国家,其口味种类极富变化,故其被美誉为『葡萄王国』,法国生产的红酒有六大生产地包括∶波尔多(Bordeaux)、布跟地(Burgundy)、香槟(Champagne)以及阿尔萨斯(Alsace)、罗瓦河河谷(Loire Valley) 、隆河谷地(Cotes Phone)等其中又以气候温和土壤富含铁质的波尔多产地最具代表。

法国波尔多市外围又细分几个产区全都分布于纪隆德河(Estuaire de la Gironde)流域,不但产量大且生产许多品质优良的红酒,被喻为『世界的葡萄酒宝库』,其中有最出名的五大产区不可不知,这些产区约有九千多家酒庄,其中又以最有名的五大酒庄闻名于世。

法国五大葡萄酒产区
产区介绍(根据 1855 年上好波尔多葡萄酒分等系统)
梅铎 (Médoc) 32,110英亩 (只生产红酒)
庞马鲁 (Pomerol) 1,803英亩 (只生产红酒)
圣达美莉安 (St-émilion) 12,676英亩 (只生产红酒)
格拉夫 (Graves) 5,992英亩 (生产红酒和不甜白酒)
苏玳 (Sauternes) 3,499英亩 (只生产甜白酒)

法国五大名酒庄
Chateau Margaux (位于梅铎区)
Chateau Latour (位于梅铎区)
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild (位于梅铎产区)
Chateau Lafite-Rothschild (位于梅铎产区)
Chateau Haut-Brion (位于格拉夫产区)

梅铎(Médoc)
梅铎克是波尔多红酒代表产地,生产全世界最高级葡萄酒,上梅铎(Haut-Médoc)位梅铎南部红酒产区;包含几个非常著名的乡社(commune)产区如圣达士蒂(St-Estéphe),宝雅克村(Pauillac),玛歌(Margaux)等,不少世界闻名的酒庄就位于这些乡社内,特别是宝雅克村及玛歌村,酒价曾高达数千美元,此区内大约有七十个村庄,另较有名的村庄有圣朱利安村(St-Julien)及圣达士蒂村(Saint-Estéphe),此区内的特级酒庄有六十一个,其中有四个被排名于五大酒庄内。

【注一】波尔多区最具代表的五大产区以及上梅铎的六个重要的次产区,由北至南为:
圣达士蒂 (St-Estéphe) 2,875英亩
宝雅克 (Pauillac) 2,667英亩
圣朱利安 (St-Julien) 2,084英亩
利斯塔克 (Listrac) 1,531英亩
慕里斯 (Moulis) 1,185英亩
玛歌 (Margaux) 3,067英亩

庞马赫鲁 (Pomerol)
本区是波尔多生产红酒上好产区中面积最小的,它的产酒量只有St-Emilion产量的15%,导致酒不但罕见且昂贵,虽没正式分等系统,此区特级酒庄大约有十三家,但一直未有完整法定分级制度将它列出,其中Pétrus酒庄一直被视为第一特级酒庄。

圣达美莉安(St-Emilion)
本区产酒量约等于整个梅铎产区的三分之二,也是法国最美的村庄之一,正式分等系统要比梅铎晚一世纪,到1954年才正是分级并于1986年修订,其中的Ausone级Cheval-Blanc酒装在Premiers Grand Crus分集中享有特殊地位,以下共有十二个可比美梅铎列级酒庄的顶级一级酒庄和大约七十个顶级酒庄。

格拉夫(Graves)
自1987年起位于北部较好的产区被划分为另一法定产区,称为Pessac Leognan。最著名酒庄为Chateau Haut-Brion(在1855年分等系统中已见过),1959年分等中其它产良质格拉夫红酒约有十二家酒庄

⑦ 讲法国葡萄酒PPT重点要分几个部分去讲

1,葡来萄酒的起源和葡萄酒的定义自,2基本葡萄品种的介绍,3法国葡萄酒等级的划分,4,法国的五大名庄或八大名庄的简介,5.新旧世界葡萄酒的简单介绍,6,葡萄酒的分类,按颜色,按二氧化碳压力分类,按含糖量,按照酿造工艺,7,如何品酒,8,葡萄酒的储存和如何配餐,最后可以介绍一些选购葡萄酒的小技巧。希望回答对你有帮助

⑧ 法国文化、教育的英文介绍

The culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups. France, and in particular Paris, has played an important role as a center of high culture and of decorative arts since the seventeenth century, first in Europe, and from the nineteenth century on, world wide. From the late nineteenth century, France has also played an important role in cinema, fashion and cuisine. The importance of French culture has waxed and waned over the centuries, depending on its economic, political and military importance. French culture today is marked both by great regional and socioeconomic differences and by strong unifying tendencies.

Ecation

The French ecational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three different stages:
primary ecation (enseignement primaire); secondary ecation (collège and lycé); and higher ecation (l'université)(or les Grandes écoles).
Primary and secondary ecation is predominantly public (private schools also exist, in particular a strong nationwide network of primary and secondary Catholic ecation), while higher ecation has both public and private elements. At the end of secondary ecation, students take the baccalauréat exam, which allows them to pursue higher ecation. The baccalauréat pass rate in 1999 was 78.3%.
In 1999–2000, ecational spending amounted to 7% of the French GDP and 37% of the national budget.
Since the Jules Ferry laws of 1881-2, named after the then Minister of Public Instruction, all state-funded schools, including universities, are independent from the (Roman Catholic) Church. Ecation in these institutions is free. Non-secular institutions are allowed to organize ecation as well. The French ecational system differs strongly from Northern-European and American systems in that it stresses the importance of partaking in a society as opposed to being responsibly independent.
Secular ecational policy has become critical in recent issues of French multiculturalism, as in the "affair of the Islamic headscarf".

While the French trace the development of their ecational system to Napoléon, the modern era of French ecation begins at the end of the nineteenth century. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine) by requiring all children between the ages of 6 and 12 - boys and girls - to attend. He also made public instruction mandatory, free of charge and secular (laïque). With these laws, known as Jules Ferry laws, and several others, the Third Republic repealed most of the Falloux Laws of 1850-1851, which gave an important role to the clergy.

⑨ 欧美文化ppt英文版

http://wenku..com/link?url=__b6UJaofVY-nEtNIIYhdYGC

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