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法國紅酒文化英語ppt

發布時間:2021-02-11 08:51:17

① 急求介紹紅酒的ppt(英語)

紅酒的好處:
紅酒中含有人體維持生命活動所需的三大營養素:維他命、糖及蛋白質。內葡萄糖是人類維持生命、容強身健體不可缺少的營養成分,是人體能量的主要來源。葡萄酒中還有24種氨基酸,是人體不可缺少的營養物質。葡萄酒中的有機酸成分也不少,如葡萄酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸,大都來自葡萄原汁,能夠有效地調解神經中樞、舒筋活血,對腦力和體力勞動者來說,都是不可缺少的營養物質。干紅葡萄酒中還含有Ve、Vb、VB2等多種維生素和鈣、鎂、鐵、鉀、鈉等多種礦物質,其中礦物質與多種微量元素集合起來,遠勝於最優質的礦泉水。<P> 紅酒中的多酸含量相當多,因此它對於預防心血管疾病有極好的作用,有助於防動脈硬化和早老性痴呆症等疾病,還具有減少骨質疏鬆症的危險和「駐顏」等重要功效。
增進食慾
滋補作用
助消化作用
減肥作用
殺菌作用
利尿作用
理想的品酒時間是在飯前

② 法國文化習俗英文版

法國習俗

法蘭西共和國(The Republic of France),簡稱法蘭西或法國(France)。它位於歐洲西部,面積55.16萬平方公里,是個半海半陸的國家。人口5540萬,90%是法蘭西人。9o%的居民信奉天主教。法語為官方言。首都巴黎(Paris),是世界著名的花都,鈴蘭、鬱金香、水仙花、七葉樹、百合花以及三色紫羅蘭等極具法國氣息的小巧而可愛的花,在公園,在街頭,以及商店、公司辦公桌上,隨處可見。
法國屬於「人口增殖率最低的國家」,1977年法國年自然增殖率只有0.39%,屬於世界上人口增殖率極低的國家。為了克服人口衰退,法國採取了一些措施鼓勵生育,但收效甚微。貨幣為法郎French Franc(FF)。

現政府為總統制。總統直接民選,任期7年,由內閣會議襄理行政。1964年1月27日與我國建交。從50年代中期到1973年,法國的經濟以較高的速度持續增長,迅速實現了工農業現代化,為世界第5經濟大國。法國為當代世界八大貿易國之一,素有「乳酪之國」,「葡萄之國」之美稱。法國是發達的資本主義工業、農業國,按國民生產總值計,僅次於美國、蘇聯、日本、德國,居世界第5位,工業產值占工農業總產值的85%以上,工業產品在整個出口中佔80%以上,工業是法國經濟的主導部門。法國的工業為新舊兩大部門,舊的傳統工業以分散的中小企業占優勢,主要有紡織、食品、服裝、化妝品等消費性企業,如里昂的絲綢、巴黎的時裝和香水、香檳和葡萄酒等,遠銷國外,在世界享有盛名。法國大部分人為早睡早起型,工作強度也很高,而工作態度也極為認真。日本著名經濟學家笠信太朗曾經評論法國人為「邊跑邊想的人種」。法國人很珍惜人際關系,據說,商業上也一樣,在尚未交成朋友以前,是不會跟你做大宗生意的。

在法國從事商務活動宜穿保守式西裝,訪問公私單位,絕對要預約。在法國,禮節上要求你把自己的身份列在名片上,客人在拜訪並參加晚宴的前夕,總是喜歡送花給主人。

法國商人保守而正式,尤其是在較小城市如里昂(Lyon)或Bordoaux,你得表現得格外正式,處處勿忘握手,多握幾次更好,別問對方家事。法國人對「商業機密」也很敏感。法國烹飪譽滿全球,法國人非常講究吃,就餐是法國人的一大快事,一般喜歡晚宴,不喜歡午餐會談。到了招待的時候,主人的用心是無微不至的。比如,晚餐的時候,應該招待夫婦兩人,這是常識。若應邀到對方家裡進晚餐,應先叫花店送些花去。進餐時法國人對味道很敏感,所以,每當有客人誇獎菜餚很好吃的時候,就會很高興。因而,當客人把所誇獎的萊餚吃完的時候,一定會再端一盤新的上來。有這么一種說法,即法國人「誇獎著廚師的技藝吃」,英國人「注意著禮節吃」,德國人「考慮著營養吃」,而義大利人則「痛痛快快地吃」。的確,這句話把法國人的性格表露得淋漓盡致。法國有句諺語:「酒已取出就得喝」。

商談時作出決定的速度較慢。在法國,要注意商務禮俗,法國人忌諱」13」,他們不住13號房間,不在13日這天外出旅行,不坐13號座位,更不準13個人共進晚餐。法國人喜愛花,生活中離不開花,特別是探親訪友,應約赴會時,總要帶上一束美麗的鮮花,人們在拜訪或參加晚宴的前夕,總是送鮮花給主人。賞菊是我國人的一種雅興,但法國人卻不同,切記不要送菊花,因為法國(或其他法語區),菊花代表哀傷,只有在葬禮上才送菊花。其他黃色的花,象徵夫妻間的不忠貞,千萬別送。另外也忌擺菊花、牡丹花及紙花,在法國,康乃馨被視為不祥的花朵,你如果糊里糊塗地買一大把康乃馨,送給法國人,碰到脾氣大的,不挨揍才怪呢,法國是個盛產花卉的國家,法國人民將鳶尾科的鳶尾花作為自己民族的國花(歐洲人把鳶尾花叫作「百合花」)。法國人喜歡玫瑰,栽培有7000多種,玫瑰花表示愛情。

在法國,男人向女士贈送香水,有過份親熱和「不軌企圖之嫌」。也別送刀、劍、刀叉、餐具之類,若送了,意味著雙方會割斷關系。送花通常要逢單數,但別逢不吉利的「13」。法國本土出產的奢侈品,如香檳酒、白蘭地、香水、糖栗等等,也是好禮品。在法國,一些有藝術性和美感的禮品如唱片、畫或一些書籍,如傳記、歷史、評論及名人回憶錄等會很受歡迎。法國人除非關系比較融洽,一般不互相送禮。

法國對乳酪的消費量居世界第一位。法國前總統戴高樂說過「一年365天,我們法國就有365種乳酪」。法國乳酪至少有400多種,是聞名世界的乳酪之國。如果到法國人家中作客,主人不僅拿出各種各樣的葡萄酒來招待客人,而且還會端出各種各樣的乳酪讓客人品嘗。法國人的衣著一般都十分講憲,尤其是巴黎人以服飾的優美和華麗精緻而享譽世界。法國婦女是世界上最愛打扮的婦女,其服飾時髦,所用的化妝品也特別多,光是口紅就種類繁多,早、午、晚用的都不一樣,因而法國的高級服飾、化妝品和奢侈品也馳名於世。法國人素來愛欽酒,他們愛喝葡萄酒、蘋果酒、白蘭地、威士忌、杜松酒等。除非餐桌上有煙灰缸,否則別抽煙。法國人不僅在用餐時,而且在平時也有喜愛喝咖啡的習慣。他們通常愛用大杯喝有香味的濃咖徘。因而,尤其在巴黎覺敞的林蔭大道邊,熱鬧的露天咖啡座比比皆是。

法國人在貿易談判中被認為有如下一些特點:1.立場極為堅定;2.堅持在談判中使用法語;3.明顯地偏愛橫向式談判。這也就是說,他們喜歡先為協議勾劃出一個輪廓,然後再達成原則協議,最後確定協議上的各個方面。他們都具有戴高樂式的依靠堅定的「不」字以謀取利益的高超本領。商務活動應該嚴守時間,學幾句法語會話,才能行動自如。法國人爽朗、熱情,比較幽默、詼諧,喜歡交談,特別愛好音樂、舞蹈。他們即使明天要奔赴戰場,今天還要參加跳舞晚會,大家歡樂一番。商務活動在聖誕節及復活節前後兩周不宜往訪。7月15日至9月15日為當地人度假期。飲水安全。法律規定:不可飲的水均標明:「Eau Non Portable」。

入關可攜香煙400支或雪前100支,或煙草500克,酒2瓶,限攜法郎5000以下出境。人境外匯不限,先申報,可攜出。法國禁郵寄避孕葯物和用品。

英文我不精通,所以提供的材料僅供你參考

③ 用英語介紹一下法國葡萄酒.謝!!!

葡萄酒,是用葡萄果實或葡萄汁,經過發酵釀制而成的酒精飲料。在水果中,由於葡萄的葡萄糖含量較高,貯存一段時間就會發出酒味,因此常常以葡萄釀酒。葡萄酒是目前世界上產量最大、普及最廣的單糖釀造酒。早在六千年以前,在盛產葡萄的地中海區域,兩河流域的蘇美爾人和尼羅河流域的古埃及人就會釀造葡萄酒。有趣的是,在舞蹈文化中,有一種葡萄酒舞是在釀酒用葡萄豐收時,慶祝的團體舞蹈。葡萄酒在基督教被視為耶穌基督寶血的象徵物。

葡萄酒有許多分類方式。以成品顏色來說,可分為紅葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉紅葡萄酒三類。其中紅葡萄酒又可細分為干紅葡萄酒、半干紅葡萄酒、半甜紅葡萄酒和甜紅葡萄酒。白葡萄酒則細分為干白葡萄酒、半干白葡萄酒、半甜白葡萄酒和甜白葡萄酒。以釀造方式來說,可以分為蒸餾葡萄酒(Still wine)、氣泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四類。其中一般葡萄酒的酒精含量約為百分之八到十五,然而加烈葡萄酒的酒精含量可能會更高。

葡萄酒的酒性完全受到土壤、氣候以及釀酒技巧等因素的影響,但是酒的風味卻完全取決於釀酒技巧等因素的影響,但是酒的風味卻完全取決於釀酒葡萄的品種的不同。葡萄酒的原料-葡萄原產於黑海與裏海之間的外高加索地區,直到西漢時經張騫通西域才傳到中國。目前葡萄已經被廣泛引種到世界各地,主要是作為釀酒原料。但世界最好及最有名的葡萄酒大多產至法國,法國葡萄酒的釀造歷史可追朔到羅馬帝國時期。由於法國氣候溫和,除了北部諾曼底一些區域以外,全國都能生產高質量的葡萄。在1996年時,全國共有超過818000公頃的葡萄園,13個產酒區域,葡萄酒產量超過46億公升。法國可以說是盛產葡萄酒的國家之一。

Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine proction is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.

There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.

Wine and liquor completely soil, climate and wine skills, among other factors, but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact, but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties different. Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, between the Caucasus region, until the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China before. At present grape has been widely introced to the rest of the world, mainly as a wine raw materials. But the world's best and most famous wine procing mostly to France, French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman period. As France mild climate, in addition to some of the northern Normandy region, the country can proce high quality grapes. In 1996, more than 818,000 hectares of the total of vineyards, 13 proction wine regions, wine proction over 4.6 billion litres. France can be said to be one of the countries with rich wine.

④ 怎樣用英語介紹法國的文化

Culture, whether in France, Europe or in general, consists of beliefs and values learned through the socialization process as well as material artifacts.[1][2] Culture guides the social interactions between members of society and influences the personal beliefs and values that shape a person's perception of their environment: "Culture is the learned set of beliefs, values, norms and material goods shared by group members. Culture consists of everything we learn in groups ring the life course-from infancy to old age."[3]

The conception of "French" culture however poses certain difficulties and presupposes a series of assumptions about what precisely the expression "French" means. Where as American culture posits the notion of the "melting-pot" and cultural diversity, the expression "French culture" tends to refer implicitly to a specific geographical entity (as, say, "metropolitan France", generally excluding its overseas departments) or to a specific historico-sociological group defined by ethnicity, language, religion and geography. The realities of "Frenchness" however, are extremely complicated. Even before the late nineteenth century, "metropolitan France" was largely a patchwork of local customs and regional differences that the unifying aims of the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution had only begun to work against, and today's France remains a nation of numerous indigenous and foreign languages, of multiple ethnicities and religions, and of regional diversity that includes French citizens in Corsica, Guadeloupe, Martinique and elsewhere around the globe.

The creation of some sort of typical or shared French culture or "cultural identity", despite this vast heterogeneity, is the result of powerful internal forces — such as the French ecational system, mandatory military service, state linguistic and cultural policies — and by profound historic events — such as the Franco-Prussian war and the two World Wars — which have forged a sense of national identity over the last 200 years. However, despite these unifying forces, France today still remains marked by social class and by important regional differences in culture (cuisine, dialect/accent, local traditions) that many fear will be unable to withstand contemporary social forces (depopulation of the countryside, immigration, centralization, market forces and the world economy).

In recent years, to fight the loss of regional diversity, many in France have promoted forms of multiculturalism and encouraged cultural enclaves (communautarisme), including reforms on the preservation of regional languages and the decentralization of certain government functions, but French multiculturalism has had a harder time of accepting, or of integrating into the collective identity, the large non-Christian and immigrant communities and groups that have come to France since the 1960s.

The last fifty years has also seen French cultural identity "threatened" by global market forces and by American "cultural hegemony". Since its dealings with the 1993 GATT free trade negotiations, France has fought for what it calls the exception culturelle, meaning the right to subsidize or treat favorably domestic cultural proction and to limit or control foreign cultural procts (as seen in public funding for French cinema or the lower VAT accorded to books). The notion of an explicit exception française however has angered many of France's critics[4].

The French are often perceived as taking a great pride in national identity and the positive achievements of France (the expression "chauvinism" is of French origin) and cultural issues are more integrated in the body of the politics than elsewhere (see "The Role of the State", below). The French Revolution claimed universalism for the democratic principles of the Republic. Charles de Gaulle actively promoted a notion of French "grandeur" ("greatness"). Perceived declines in cultural status are a matter of national concern and have generated national debates, both from the left (as seen in the anti-globalism of José Bové) and from the right and far right (as in the discourses of the National Front).

⑤ 法國葡萄酒文化(英文版)

Wine, grapes, fruit or juice after fermentation to brew alcoholic beverages from the. In the fruit, because of high glucose content of grapes, storage will be issued alcohol for a period of time, often in winemaking. Wine proction is currently the world's largest and most widely popular monosaccharide brewing liquor. As early as 6,000 Years ago, in the Mediterranean region rich grape, the Sumerian Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin will be the ancient Egyptians brewed wine. Interestingly, the dance culture, there is a wine dance in the wine grape harvest, celebration dance groups. Wine in the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ as Christian symbols.

There are many wine classification. To finished color, can be divided into red wine, white wine and pink wine three categories. Red wine which can be broken down into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. White wine is broken down into dry white wine, white wine semi-, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine. Approach to brewing, distillation wine can be divided into (Still wine), the bubble wine (Sparkling wine), Jialie wine (Fortified wine) and the Modified wine (Aromatized wine) four. Of general wine alcohol content of about 8-15%, but Jialie of alcohol in wine may be higher.

Wine and liquor completely soil, climate and wine skills, among other factors, but the flavor is completely wine brewing techniques depends on factors such as the impact, but the wine is completely dependent on the flavor of wine grape varieties different. Wine raw materials - grapes originating in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, between the Caucasus region, until the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions-Zhang Qian conveyed to China before. At present grape has been widely introced to the rest of the world, mainly as a wine raw materials. But the world's best and most famous wine procing mostly to France, French wine brewing history Duishuo to the Roman period. As France mild climate, in addition to some of the northern Normandy region, the country can proce high quality grapes. In 1996, more than 818,000 hectares of the total of vineyards, 13 proction wine regions, wine proction over 4.6 billion litres. France can be said to be one of the countries with rich wine.

⑥ 法國紅酒文化

串葡萄是美麗,靜止與純潔的,但它只是水果而已;一但壓榨後,它就變成了一種動物,因為它變成酒以後,就有了動物的生命。」

--威廉·楊格

迷人的色彩,神秘的情思,柔和醇香的紅酒飽含了鮮活的生命原汁,蘊藏了深厚的歷史內涵。

曾幾何時紅酒在國內造成一股新的飲酒文化,在市場上到處可見紅酒的蹤跡,而一般人對紅酒的了解、認知並不多,而往往飲用紅酒是採取『乎干啦』的方式,而這種方式讓有心學習品嘗人士亂了選擇。
在飲用紅酒之前不妨先了解有氣質的紅酒文化與紅酒歷史,潛移默化之間就了解紅酒的高貴之處。

其實世界各地都有種植葡萄,所以世界各國也都有葡萄酒的生產。年平均氣溫為攝氏10-20度的溫和氣候地區最適合栽種葡萄,而雨量豐、濕氣重的地方則有礙葡萄樹的生長,因此土壤排水良好也是栽種的條件之一。在眾多的紅酒中獨鍾『法國紅酒』的原因是,法國不但是全世界釀造最多種葡萄酒的國家,也生產了無數聞名於世的高級葡萄酒。

『勃根地第地區』:本區約有一千八百處酒園,本區由南至北依序可再劃分六個產區:

莎布里(Chablis)、夜坡(Cote de Nuits)、邦內坡(Cote de Beaune)、莎隆內坡(Cote de Chalonnaise)、馬孔內(Maconnais)、薄酒萊(Beaujolais)-----勃根地六區中最精華的一區乃夜坡與邦邦內坡所構成的『黃金坡』(Cote d』Or),前者以紅酒著稱,後者則以白酒為尊。該地區的沃恩·羅曼尼(Vosne-Romanee)酒村中的『羅曼尼·康帝』酒園(Domaine de La Romanee Conti,DRC)所釀產的『羅曼尼·康帝』(La Romanee Conti)位居紅酒首席。

『波爾多地區』:僅僅以法國波爾多地區一地而言,酒園(堡)已超過九千多座的。該地區的五大產酒區有:梅鐸(Medoc)、柏美洛(Pomerol)、聖特美隆(St.Emilion)、格拉芙(Graves)、蘇岱(Sauternes)。

梅鐸(Medoc)可以說是最重要的一區,僅生產紅酒。梅鐸(Medoc)又可細分為四個小酒區,由北至南依序為聖特夫塔夫(St-Estephe)、波儀亞克(Pauillac)、聖朱利安(St. Julien)與瑪哥(Margaux)。其中波儀亞克區(Pauillac)內的三大名酒Chateau Mouton Rothschild(木桐·羅吉德堡)、Chateau Lafite - Rothschild(拉費堡)、Chateau Latour (拉圖堡),猶如三顆鑽石使得波儀亞克(Pauillac)簡直變成波爾多地區的代表了。

柏美洛(Pomerol)該區產地約只佔波爾多的百分之三左右,真是『物以稀為貴』。如果說『紅酒巨鑽』是羅曼尼·康帝,至於搶占第二寶座榮耀的應當屬於法國波爾多的柏美洛(Pomerol)地區的代表作『彼德綠堡』(Chateau Petrus)。

聖特美隆(St.Emilion)這也是一個名園輩出的產區,在上個世紀中葉以前,本地區的酒品質普遍不佳,甚至有『車夫之酒』的譏諷!名列A等的只有兩家:歐頌堡(Chateau Ausone)與白馬堡(Chateau Cheval-Blanc)。

格拉芙(Graves):該地區的Chateau Haut Brion (歐·布利昂堡)與Chateau Latour (拉圖堡)、Chateau Lafite-Rothschild(拉費堡)、Chateau Margaux(瑪哥堡)、,Chateau Mouton Rothschild(木桐·羅吉德堡)、Chateau Haut Brion (歐·布利昂堡)共享波爾多官方評鑒的一等頂級酒,也是波爾多地區的五大酒庄。

『隆河坡地區(Cotes Rhone)或稱隆河地區』:與勃根地第、波爾多號稱法國三大產酒區。整個隆河地區最珍貴的紅酒,當推羅帝坡區的杜克酒(La Turque)。

『醒酒』

由於紅酒被喻為有生命力的液體,是由於紅酒當中含有丹寧酸(Tannic Acid)的成分,丹寧酸跟空氣接觸之後所產生的變化是非常豐富的。而要分辨一瓶酒的變化最好的方式是開瓶後第一次倒2杯,而先飲用一杯,另一杯則放置至最後才飲用,就能很清楚的感覺出來。每一瓶酒的變化時間並不一樣,也許在10分鍾、也許半個小時、也許在兩個小時後。如何去發覺酒的生命力就靠自己的感覺跟經驗了。

『過酒(Decenting)』

過酒的方式,是將葡萄酒倒入醒酒瓶(Decenter)的動作稱為過酒,但過酒的目的到底何在?

其實有二,一是藉此將陳置多年的沉澱物去除。雖然喝下這些沉澱物並無任何大礙,但有損葡萄酒的風味,所以必須去除。

另一則是使年份較少的葡萄酒將其原始的風味,從沉睡中蘇醒過來。因為葡萄酒會因過酒的動作而有機會與空氣接觸,此時沉睡中的葡萄酒將立刻芳香四溢,味道也變的圓潤了。

『酒標』

如何選擇一瓶好喝的紅酒,第一要件是口感要順,什麼樣的味道才較順口,看個人喜好,品嘗紅酒是一門高深學問,學會品酒需要長時間的研究及一層層的磨煉,不過學會認酒則是一件比較簡單的事。

如何認酒呢?先學看酒瓶上的標簽吧。葡萄酒的卷標又稱為『etiquette』(法文,意為許可證),如同人們的履歷表一樣。正如在懂得葡萄酒的人們之間,流傳著『只要看了卷標,就知道它的味道了』一般,卷標上確實透露著關於葡萄酒味道(特色)的訊息。『卷標上的圖案有很多種,到底事在寫些什麼?真想知道…..』一般卷標上通常會標示:葡萄收成的年份、葡萄酒的酒名(以產地或酒園名(Chateau)命名) 、生產國或生產地、庄園地名的名稱、生產者(造酒者)名、容量、酒精濃度…等。卷標依設計者的設計,有各種不同的樣式,所以數據所書寫的位置也不同。

收成年→該年的天候會影響葡萄收成的品質,產區→一瓶葡萄酒的好壞節定於產地的地質狀況,A.O.C→指定優良產區A.O.C.法定名稱,城堡內裝酒→Mis En Boteille Au Chateau,釀酒師簽名→對酒品質有更一層的保證

『法國葡萄酒依據葡萄酒法及其品質而分成以下幾種』

A.O.C. Wine是指定優良產區酒為名之葡萄酒的通稱,這種酒對於原產地(地區、村、葡萄園等)有很詳細的限定,日本進口的葡萄酒大多為此種酒。其標示方式如APPELLATION ROMANEE CONTI CONTROLEE,於APPELLATION與CONTROLEE之間的ROMANEE CONTI則是酒園名稱。

Vin De Pays(地區餐酒)是僅限定葡萄產地的葡萄酒,其限制較A.O.C.所規定的少,價格也比較合理,找找看,也許能夠找到品質相當不錯的酒喔!

Vin De Table(日常餐酒)則是不受規定約束的酒,任何產區的葡萄都可以拿來混合釀造。藉由混合釀造來就低成本是這種酒的特徵,美味與否全憑生產者的巧手,無等級之分。

『紅酒的釀造法』

A. 除梗:所謂除梗,是指為了避免葡萄酒中有多餘的苦澀味道,而將梗從果實上除去。
B. 破碎:將果皮搓破輕輕壓碎,稱之為破碎。
C. 發酵:在破碎的葡萄(連同果皮及種子)中加入酵母菌。因紅酒的顏色來自果皮,而澀味則是種子所釋放出來的味道。
D. 榨汁:以榨汁機榨出發酵後的葡萄酒。
E. 發酵:將榨出的葡萄酒與果皮、種子分開,接著僅使葡萄酒在發酵。本階段是決定葡萄酒味道的關鍵,完全發酵熟成者即為不甜口口味的葡萄酒。
F. 除渣:發酵完之後,溶解殘存的物質會自動沉澱,可順利地被除去,此一過程稱之為除渣。
G. 熟成:接著裝入酒桶使之能夠充分熟成,熟成期間約為兩年(但亦有熟成未滿兩年者)。
H. 裝瓶:熟成後即可裝瓶。

『如何保存酒』

保存葡萄酒最忌諱的是溫度的強烈變化,如果你在店家購買的時候是處於常溫之下,則在家裡只要保存於常溫之下即可。你若想飲用冰鎮過的葡萄酒於飲用前冰凍即可。如果你將葡萄酒儲存於冰箱中,只適合存放於溫度變化較小的蔬菜室內。最理想與長期的儲存環境是溫度約在攝氏12~14度間保持恆溫,濕度在65%~80%間,保持黑暗,一般酒都放置於地下室。保持干凈,以免其它異味滲入酒內。

『品酒步驟』

1. 觀其色澤--將酒道在高腳杯中,握著杯腳,看其色澤。
2. 聞其香味--輕搖酒杯讓香氣釋放出來,聞其散發的香味。
3. 品嘗--啜飲一小口,讓酒在舌尖溶動,感覺其味道及酸甜度。

波爾多的紅酒

在眾多的紅酒中獨鍾法國紅酒原因是∶法國不但是全世界釀造最多種葡萄酒的國家,也是生產了無數聞名於世的高級葡萄酒的國家,其口味種類極富變化,故其被美譽為『葡萄王國』,法國生產的紅酒有六大生產地包括∶波爾多(Bordeaux)、布跟地(Burgundy)、香檳(Champagne)以及阿爾薩斯(Alsace)、羅瓦河河谷(Loire Valley) 、隆河谷地(Cotes Phone)等其中又以氣候溫和土壤富含鐵質的波爾多產地最具代表。

法國波爾多市外圍又細分幾個產區全都分布於紀隆德河(Estuaire de la Gironde)流域,不但產量大且生產許多品質優良的紅酒,被喻為『世界的葡萄酒寶庫』,其中有最出名的五大產區不可不知,這些產區約有九千多家酒庄,其中又以最有名的五大酒庄聞名於世。

法國五大葡萄酒產區
產區介紹(根據 1855 年上好波爾多葡萄酒分等系統)
梅鐸 (Médoc) 32,110英畝 (只生產紅酒)
龐馬魯 (Pomerol) 1,803英畝 (只生產紅酒)
聖達美莉安 (St-émilion) 12,676英畝 (只生產紅酒)
格拉夫 (Graves) 5,992英畝 (生產紅酒和不甜白酒)
蘇玳 (Sauternes) 3,499英畝 (只生產甜白酒)

法國五大名酒庄
Chateau Margaux (位於梅鐸區)
Chateau Latour (位於梅鐸區)
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild (位於梅鐸產區)
Chateau Lafite-Rothschild (位於梅鐸產區)
Chateau Haut-Brion (位於格拉夫產區)

梅鐸(Médoc)
梅鐸克是波爾多紅酒代表產地,生產全世界最高級葡萄酒,上梅鐸(Haut-Médoc)位梅鐸南部紅酒產區;包含幾個非常著名的鄉社(commune)產區如聖達士蒂(St-Estéphe),寶雅克村(Pauillac),瑪歌(Margaux)等,不少世界聞名的酒庄就位於這些鄉社內,特別是寶雅克村及瑪歌村,酒價曾高達數千美元,此區內大約有七十個村莊,另較有名的村莊有聖朱利安村(St-Julien)及聖達士蒂村(Saint-Estéphe),此區內的特級酒庄有六十一個,其中有四個被排名於五大酒庄內。

【注一】波爾多區最具代表的五大產區以及上梅鐸的六個重要的次產區,由北至南為:
聖達士蒂 (St-Estéphe) 2,875英畝
寶雅克 (Pauillac) 2,667英畝
聖朱利安 (St-Julien) 2,084英畝
利斯塔克 (Listrac) 1,531英畝
慕里斯 (Moulis) 1,185英畝
瑪歌 (Margaux) 3,067英畝

龐馬赫魯 (Pomerol)
本區是波爾多生產紅酒上好產區中面積最小的,它的產酒量只有St-Emilion產量的15%,導致酒不但罕見且昂貴,雖沒正式分等系統,此區特級酒庄大約有十三家,但一直未有完整法定分級制度將它列出,其中Pétrus酒庄一直被視為第一特級酒庄。

聖達美莉安(St-Emilion)
本區產酒量約等於整個梅鐸產區的三分之二,也是法國最美的村莊之一,正式分等系統要比梅鐸晚一世紀,到1954年才正是分級並於1986年修訂,其中的Ausone級Cheval-Blanc酒裝在Premiers Grand Crus分集中享有特殊地位,以下共有十二個可比美梅鐸列級酒庄的頂級一級酒庄和大約七十個頂級酒庄。

格拉夫(Graves)
自1987年起位於北部較好的產區被劃分為另一法定產區,稱為Pessac Leognan。最著名酒庄為Chateau Haut-Brion(在1855年分等系統中已見過),1959年分等中其它產良質格拉夫紅酒約有十二家酒庄

⑦ 講法國葡萄酒PPT重點要分幾個部分去講

1,葡來萄酒的起源和葡萄酒的定義自,2基本葡萄品種的介紹,3法國葡萄酒等級的劃分,4,法國的五大名庄或八大名庄的簡介,5.新舊世界葡萄酒的簡單介紹,6,葡萄酒的分類,按顏色,按二氧化碳壓力分類,按含糖量,按照釀造工藝,7,如何品酒,8,葡萄酒的儲存和如何配餐,最後可以介紹一些選購葡萄酒的小技巧。希望回答對你有幫助

⑧ 法國文化、教育的英文介紹

The culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups. France, and in particular Paris, has played an important role as a center of high culture and of decorative arts since the seventeenth century, first in Europe, and from the nineteenth century on, world wide. From the late nineteenth century, France has also played an important role in cinema, fashion and cuisine. The importance of French culture has waxed and waned over the centuries, depending on its economic, political and military importance. French culture today is marked both by great regional and socioeconomic differences and by strong unifying tendencies.

Ecation

The French ecational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three different stages:
primary ecation (enseignement primaire); secondary ecation (collège and lycé); and higher ecation (l'université)(or les Grandes écoles).
Primary and secondary ecation is predominantly public (private schools also exist, in particular a strong nationwide network of primary and secondary Catholic ecation), while higher ecation has both public and private elements. At the end of secondary ecation, students take the baccalauréat exam, which allows them to pursue higher ecation. The baccalauréat pass rate in 1999 was 78.3%.
In 1999–2000, ecational spending amounted to 7% of the French GDP and 37% of the national budget.
Since the Jules Ferry laws of 1881-2, named after the then Minister of Public Instruction, all state-funded schools, including universities, are independent from the (Roman Catholic) Church. Ecation in these institutions is free. Non-secular institutions are allowed to organize ecation as well. The French ecational system differs strongly from Northern-European and American systems in that it stresses the importance of partaking in a society as opposed to being responsibly independent.
Secular ecational policy has become critical in recent issues of French multiculturalism, as in the "affair of the Islamic headscarf".

While the French trace the development of their ecational system to Napoléon, the modern era of French ecation begins at the end of the nineteenth century. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine) by requiring all children between the ages of 6 and 12 - boys and girls - to attend. He also made public instruction mandatory, free of charge and secular (laïque). With these laws, known as Jules Ferry laws, and several others, the Third Republic repealed most of the Falloux Laws of 1850-1851, which gave an important role to the clergy.

⑨ 歐美文化ppt英文版

http://wenku..com/link?url=__b6UJaofVY-nEtNIIYhdYGC

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